Neural activity refers to the electrical signals that are generated and transmitted within the neurons in the brain. It is a fundamental aspect of brain function and is responsible for various cognitive processes such as perception, memory, and decision-making. Researchers study neural activity using techniques such as electrophysiology, functional imaging, and computational modeling to better understand how the brain processes information and controls behavior. By studying neural activity, scientists hope to uncover the mechanisms underlying neurological disorders and develop new treatments for these conditions.